Effect of Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Rumen Degradability of Cassava Stems and Leaves Total Mixed Ration in Goat

The rumen degradations of TMR were studied in this experiment,in which cassava stems and leaves were used as roughage and formulated with concentrate in different proportions.The purpose of this study was to formulate the available TMR for finishing goat,and provide a theoretical basis for the applications of cassava stems and leaves in goat production.Six Hainan Black goats with permanent rumen fistulas were selected,the rumen degradabilities of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR with 6 different concentrate to forage ratio（2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4 and 7:3）were tested using nylon bag method.The results showed that,the DM effective degradabilities at the ratio of 4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3 were significantly higher than that of 2:8 and 3:7（P<0.05).CP effective degradabilities at the ratio of 2:8,3:7,4:6 were significantly higher than that of 5:5,6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The NDF effective degradation at the ratio of 5:5 was significantly higher than that in the other groups（P<0.05).The ADF degradation at the ratio of 3:7 was significantly higher than that of 4:6,5:5, 6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The results indicated that,the nutrient degradation in rumen were higher when the concentrate to forage（cassava stems and leaves）ratio in TMR were 3:7,4:6 and 5:5,and the recommended ratio range were 4:6 to 5:5 in production practice.     

Analysis of green total factor productivity trend and its determinants for the countries along silk roads

In coping with increasing energy consumption and the consequential environmental pollution, green development is becoming an important part of social development. Since the inauguration of China’s Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative (BRI), economic cooperation between China and other countries along BRI has seen much growth. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the levels of green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the countries in the Silk Roads Economic Belt (B&R) and examine how these levels vary spatially and evolve temporally. In this paper, a panel regression analysis with DEA windows is used to study the spatiotemporal trends of the levels of GTFP. The results are: (1) The B&R countries have seen an increase in their overall levels of GTFP over time; (2) There are regional differences in the levels of GTFP, with higher efficiency in Western Asia and Central and Eastern Europe, and lower efficiency in Southeast and Central Asia; (3) The analysis of GTFP for countries in these regions shows that the efficiencies of most countries have been improving, with that of only a few countries have been decreasing; (4) By using regression analysis, we find that variables such as import, export, industrial structure, and urban affect the B&R countries with growing GTFP.     

文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺优化及减肥降脂功效

【目的】优化文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺，并对其减肥降脂功效进行分析。【方法】采用单因素试验并结合Box-Behnken响应面法，对文冠果叶总皂苷的提取温度、液(mL)料(g)比、乙醇体积分数进行优化。采用高脂饲料喂养小鼠建立高血脂症模型，建模4周后，以奥利司他为阳性对照，分别采用高（200 mg/kg）、中（100 mg/kg）、低（50 mg/kg）剂量组文冠果叶总皂苷连续灌胃4周，检测小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）的浓度，分析不同剂量文冠果叶总皂苷对小鼠体内胰脂肪酶的抑制作用。【结果】文冠果叶总皂苷的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度60 ℃，乙醇体积分数70%，液(mL)料(g)比30∶1，此时文冠果叶总皂苷得率为4.952%。对小鼠的减肥降脂试验表明，文冠果叶总皂苷对胰脂肪酶的抑制活力最高可达68.29%，且在高血脂模型中，高、中、低剂量文冠果叶总皂苷均可显著或极显著降低血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C浓度，提高HDL-C浓度，其中高剂量组的降脂作用与阳性对照药物奥利司他效果相当。【结论】文冠果叶总皂苷减肥降脂功效显著，能够有效抑制胰脂肪酶活力，降低胆固醇和甘油三酯含量，进而促进脂肪代谢。     

秸秆生物炭配施沼液对土壤有机质和全氮含量的影响

为增加沼液中养分在土壤中的滞留量,提高沼液利用效率,本文采用室内土柱试验,研究了不同生物炭混掺量(CK、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)、生物炭混掺厚度(0、5、10、15、20 cm)和土壤容重(1.30、1.35 g·m^-3)对土壤有机质和全氮含量的影响。结果表明:土壤容重相同时,土柱入渗液渗出速率随生物炭混掺量和混掺厚度的增加而增大;土壤容重不同时,1.35 g·cm^-3土壤土柱入渗液渗出速率小于1.30 g·cm^-3土壤,土壤有机质和全氮含量均呈1.30 g·cm^-3土壤容重小于1.35 g·cm^-3土壤容重;土柱内有机质和全氮含量随生物炭混掺量增大而逐渐增加,生物炭混掺量为2.0%时对土壤有机质和全氮含量影响最大;土柱内有机质含量随生物炭混掺厚度增大而逐渐增加,生物炭混掺厚度为20 cm时对土壤有机质含量影响最大,而全氮含量在土壤容重为1.30 g·cm^-3、混掺厚度10 cm时影响最显著,土壤容重为1.35 g·cm^-3、混掺厚度15 cm时效果较为显著。研究表明生物炭配施沼液时土壤有机质和全氮含量受生物炭混掺厚度、混掺量和土壤容重综合作用的影响。     

水稻种子总RNA提取质量问题的探究

水稻种子总RNA提取在水稻分子遗传基础实验中起着非常重要的作用,然而,高质量水稻种子RNA的获取难度高,极大阻碍了cDNA文库构建、RNA-Seq和基因表达分析等相关研究工作的开展和深入。为了探讨水稻种子总RNA提取的相关影响因素,寻找合适的水稻种子总RNA提取方式,本研究通过比较Trizol法、GeneMark试剂盒法和艾德莱试剂盒法3种不同的提取方式、不同的耗材处理方法、研磨方式等不同因素改进水稻种子总RNA的提取效果。不同的检测结果显示,艾德莱多糖多酚提取试剂盒能够提取到28S、18S条带完整、降解少和纯度高的水稻种子总RNA;不同耗材处理方法中,蛋白酶K处理过的耗材提取的总RNA比另外两种方法处理过的耗材提取的总RNA降解更少,28S和18S条带更清晰和完整、总RNA质量最高、效果最好;而研磨方式上,液氮冷冻研磨法能够有效抑制RNA酶对RNA的降解。本研究对水稻种子RNA提取过程相关因素的分析和改进,为促进以水稻种子为研究对象的分子实验奠定了一定的技术基础。     

沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯泡沫材料热学性能研究

为探究阻燃剂对沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯泡沫材料导热行为的影响和开发具有阻燃特性的聚合物复合材料，以沙柳多元醇液化产物为原料、辛酸亚锡为催化剂、水为发泡剂，与异氰酸酯进行发泡制备沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯硬质泡沫，利用正交试验法研究工艺因子对硬质泡沫材料导热性能的影响规律，使用锥形量热仪（CONE）对该材料燃烧行为进行分析。结果表明:1）沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯泡沫材料制备工艺对导热性能的影响关系为阻燃剂添加量＞沙柳液化产物与异氰酸酯比例＞阻燃剂种类，方差分析表明工艺因子对导热性能的影响均不显著；2）最优工艺:阻燃剂添加量8%，沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯比例1.0∶1.0，阻燃剂为有机蒙脱土，制备的硬质泡沫材料密度0.168 g·cm^-3，抗压强度0.83 MPa，导热系数0.118 3 W·m^-1·K^-1，此工艺制备的聚氨酯泡沫是一种优良的保温材料；3）不同有机蒙脱土添加量的沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯泡沫燃烧行为属于双阶段燃烧过程，阻燃剂有机蒙脱土添加量8%，燃烧开始时间推迟至120 s且总热释放量降低。     

不同类型杜仲雄花茶活性成分的含量测定

采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量,探讨不同原料生产的杜仲雄花茶活性成分含量差异。结果表明,杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量分别为1.89%～6.22%、0.06%～2.81%、0.06%～2.09%;不同类型杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量有所差异,以花朵为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮含量和绿原酸含量均为最高,以花蕊为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中京尼平苷含量最高,发酵杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量均偏低。本研究可为开发不同保健功能杜仲雄花茶提供理论依据,有利于进一步推动杜仲雄花资源的开发利用。     

山竹果皮总黄酮富集工艺研究

研究D101大孔树脂富集山竹果皮总黄酮的工艺。通过静态、动态相结合的方法,确定D101大孔树脂富集的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,D101大孔树脂对总黄酮动态解析附的效果好于静态,动态解析附的最佳条件为:以流速2 m L/min上样30 m L 2 mg/m L的提取物,且用60 m L 70%乙醇以2 m L/min的流速洗脱,此条件下提取物总黄酮含量由原先的57.8 mg/m L增加到174.2 mg/m L。     

Screening of lentiviral vectors carrying effective siRNA targeting S1P2 gene

AIM:To screen the lentiviral vector carrying siRNA with higher efficiency of suppressing the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1P2) gene expression in the primarily cultured corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS:SHR and SD rats (n=5 each) were used for primarily culturing corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells.The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3,SHR GFP,SHR control (SHR non-transfection group),and SD control (SD rat control group).Each group had 5 samples with 1.0×10⁵ cells of each sample.At 72 h after transfection (MOI=60) with lentiviral vectors carrying S1P2 siRNA into the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,the expression of GFP was observed under fluorescence microscope.The protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1,ROCK2 and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,and the mRNA expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 were determined by by Western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS:The transfection efficiency of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were>80%.Compared with SHR control group,the mRNA levels and the protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 in SHR GFP group showed no remarkable changes,while those in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SD control groups were significantly lower than those in SHR control group (P<0.05).The protein expression of eNOS in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were not significantly changed as compared with SHR control group,but that in SD control group was significantly higher than that in SHR control group.CONCLUSION:Three groups of siRNA lentiviral vectors targeting S1P2 inhibit the expression of S1P2 in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of SHR,and by silencing the S1P2 expression,the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 is inhibited.Among them,siRNA-1 has the highest inhibitory efficiency.     

寄主诱导的基因沉默提高植物真菌病害抗性研究进展

寄主诱导的基因沉默(host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)以病原菌生长发育、产孢繁殖、侵染或致病过程中的关键基因作为靶点,在寄主植物中表达针对靶基因的RNAi构建体,在病原菌侵染植物的过程中,摄入相应的ds RNA或si RNA分子,通过识别、结合特异核苷酸序列,干扰病菌靶基因表达,从而抑制病菌侵染和扩展,使植物表现抗病。这项技术为培育基于病原菌特异序列的植物抗病性奠定了基础,显示了巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了利用HIGS技术提高植物真菌病抗性的最新研究进展,总结了国内外利用这项技术改良植物真菌病害抗性的主要策略、技术路线,展望了发展应用前景。